Kalibangan, located in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, holds significant archaeological importance. It once thrived as a prominent city of the Indus Valley Civilization. Unlike other ancient sites, Kalibangan reveals unique features that shed light on early urban life in the Indian subcontinent.
Situated on the southern banks of the now-extinct Ghaggar River, Kalibangan offered fertile land and a reliable water source. As a result, it became an ideal location for early settlers. The town’s layout reflects careful planning, showing an advanced understanding of urban design.
The city divided itself into two major parts— a citadel and a lower town. Interestingly, the citadel featured mud-brick structures, possibly for administrative and religious purposes. Meanwhile, the lower town housed residential areas with a grid-like pattern. Streets intersected at right angles, creating blocks that showcased thoughtful city planning.
Archaeologists uncovered a wide variety of artifacts, including painted pottery, terracotta figurines, and stone tools. The pottery stands out for its geometric designs and fine craftsmanship. Additionally, the discovery of plowed fields at Kalibangan indicates early agricultural practices, which sets it apart from other Harappan sites.
It contributes crucial evidence of cultural continuity between the early Harappan and mature Harappan phases. The site also displays the earliest known evidence of an earthquake in the Indian subcontinent. Over time, the city declined, yet it left behind a rich cultural legacy that archaeologists continue to study.
Kalibangan offers more than just ruins; it presents a window into a sophisticated ancient civilization. From urban planning to early farming techniques, every discovery enriches our understanding of prehistoric India. Although buried for centuries, Kalibangan still speaks of human ingenuity and resilience.
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